
As the United States celebrated its independence this past July 4, we also celebrated what it means to be American, and how that identity was shaped by events in our nation’s history. While the American Revolution and our Constitution are obviously the first influential historical events that come to mind, Penn State Abington history lecturer Jeffrey Prushankin suggests a dark horse: The Civil War.
"It is my contention," said Prushankin, "that the Civil War, more than any other event in our history -- save perhaps the American Revolution -- shaped our identity as Americans."
Prushankin points out that the Civil War resolved many questions left unanswered by the Revolutionary generation. "In that sense the Civil War still shapes thought in the United States," he said. "Look at the recent Supreme Court decision regarding guns. The court read the words that the framers wrote and determined that the Constitution guarantees the right of the individual to possess firearms. Now, it is up to the states to manage or regulate that right. The Civil War established -- irrevocably -- that the states must work within the parameters established by the federal government," he added.
Civil War military lessons, too, reverberate to this day. "Gettysburg is often seen as a model for lessons in leadership, decision-making, executing instructions, and personal dedication and bravery." According to Prushankin, "these all transcend their military applications and provide examples that students can apply in business or professional settings."
Other American characteristics borne of the Civil War are our value of freedom and liberty and our search for racial equality. "I believe that Lincoln's words in the Gettysburg Address are as relevant today as they were in 1863. The Civil War marked a new birth of freedom for all Americans regardless of race", he said.
Today the American identity is a powerful and significant distinction, both nationally and globally. Perhaps every July 4 we should consider what it means to be an American in the present, and what it took for the American identity to be shaped in the past.